Rooting Forest Landscape Restoration in Consumer Markets—A Review of Existing Marketing-Based Funding Initiatives

Forest landscape restoration (FLR) is globally important to mitigate a wide range of social and environmental problems driven by degradation deforestation. Despite widespread recognition the urgent need restore biodiversity ecological functioning across many forest landscapes, there an apparent mismatch between political commitments direct actions on ground. Global markets consumption patterns remain prominent drivers land degradation. Alternatively, market forces could be transformed have net positive rather than negative influence use change, offering innovative pathways incentivise finance FLR. Understanding current mechanisms that FLR essential for establishing best practices effective policy. We reviewed 40 eco-marketing initiatives provide overview types organizations involved in funding FLR, how they enable interventions. identified three groups initiatives: for-profit business, certified enterprise , non-profit organization . In total, 36 out collaborated with enabler-organizations implement activities. All promoted active tree planting, primarily regenerative agroforestry systems. Only six analyzed included natural regeneration as type intervention. This suggests focus planting initiatives, possibly because easiest message communicate consumers. Strong safeguards governance projects are necessary ensure do not overshadow other interventions areas where approaches more significant ecological, environmental, benefits.